Finland · upgraded · mixed

LUMI

Quantum: linked to VTT Q50 (50 superconducting qubits), Helmi (5 superconducting qubits), Aalto Q20 (20 superconducting qubits)

Operated by CSC at LUMI Data Center, Kajaani .

Researched with AI assistance, checked by scripts. These rows were researched by AI agents reading public operator, laboratory and vendor sources, appended by scripts and checked by automated validation; no subject-matter expert has reviewed them (how this site is made). A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1350 of 1540 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 64 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.

Measured performance

Rmax: 379.7 PFlop/s
Rpeak: 531.5 PFlop/s
Rmax ÷ Rpeak: 71.4%
Cores: 2,752,704
Power: 7.11 MW
Per watt: 53.4 GF/W

Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.

What this machine is made of

One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.

Role	Part	Supplier at build	Quantity	Confidence	Source
Integrator	- HPE Cray EX235a	Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPENYSE	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
Accelerator	AMD Instinct MI250X Accelerators ROCm (CDNA 2) · 1.7 GHz · TSMC N6 · 560 W AMD Instinct MI250X, 4 per LUMI-G node	AMD AMDNASDAQ	11,912 reported	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
CPU	AMD EPYC 7A53 (Trento) CPUs x86-64 · 64C · 2 GHz · 7 nm · 280 W AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz	AMD AMDNASDAQ	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
Interconnect	HPE Slingshot-11 Interconnect Dragonfly · 200 Gb/s per port · Around 2 microseconds Slingshot-11	Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPENYSE	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
Storage	HPE Cray ClusterStor E1000 Storage Lustre appliance, flash and disk tiers · 700 PB on Frontier (Orion) · About 10 TB/s peak LUMI-P, Lustre on ClusterStor E1000	Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPENYSE	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
Cooling	Direct liquid cooling, warm water Cooling Direct-to-chip cold plates, facility water loop · Removes 90+ percent of node heat to liquid direct liquid cooling with district heat recovery	Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPENYSE	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com
Operating system	HPE Cray Operating System Operating systems SUSE-derived Linux, container-based management · Proprietary layer over open-source Linux HPE Cray Operating System	Hewlett Packard Enterprise HPENYSE	-	Reported	lumi-supercomputer.eu amd.com

AI datacenter metrics

Figures beyond an accelerator count, each with who stated it. What can and cannot be compared across AI datacenters.

Metric	Value	As of	Basis	Note	Source
Accelerators	11,912 accelerators	2026-10	Operator stated	LUMI-G: 2,978 nodes x 4 AMD MI250X modules (product computed from the docs). Slurm counts each module as two GPUs (23,824 GCDs).	docs.lumi-supercomputer.eu

The read

Architecturally a smaller Frontier (same AMD compute, same Slingshot fabric, same HPE integration) which makes it the site's best example of why component share and machine count diverge. Its interest here is the facility layer: hydroelectric supply, a reported PUE near 1.03, and waste heat sold into the Kajaani district heating network. Owned by the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking and hosted by CSC, so the operator and the funder are different entities, which the schema keeps separate.

Timeline

2020 Announced source
2022-06 List debut at #3 (June 2022) source
2022-06 First operational source
2023-06 LUMI-G partition expansion source

Public list appearances

Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.

#3: TOP500, June 2022 →

Site & facility

LUMI Data Center, Kajaani

Location: Kajaani, Finland
Cooling: Direct liquid cooling with waste-heat recovery
PUE: 1.03
Commissioned: 2022

lumi-supercomputer.eu csc.fi

Source check

We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.

Cited source	Result	Found on the page
eurohpc-ju.europa.eu	does not name this system	-
lumi-supercomputer.eu	names system only	-

Checked 2026-10-18 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.

Related news

2026-09-17 Bull Beats Out HPE For Next-Gen Lumi AI Supercomputer · The Next Platform
EuroHPC and CSC Finland picked Bull over incumbent integrator HPE to build the LUMI-AI upgrade partition, with delivery slated for the second half of 2027. Worth tracking on the graph because it's a rare case of an existing HPE/Slingshot machine losing its re-up bid to a European vendor running its own BXI interconnect, which fits EuroHPC's stated preference for buying European where it can.
2026-09-10 IQM Sets Three-Stage Upgrade Path for LUMI-IQ Quantum System · HPCwire
This is a procurement commitment, not a delivered system: CSC's LUMI site in Kajaani gains an IQM quantum computer on a three-stage path, from a 2027 Halocene H4 install to a 2029 Halocene H5 upgrade, sourced entirely to the vendor's own press release. It matters to the graph because it ties a quantum system to a site LUMI already occupies here, well before there is any hardware to add as a component row.
2022-06-01 LUMI enters service in Kajaani with a reported PUE near 1.03 · LUMI
Hydroelectric supply and waste heat sold into the municipal district heating network. The clearest facility-layer story in the European fleet.

All news →