USA · operational · hpc

Expanse

Operated by SDSC at San Diego Supercomputer Center .

Phase 1 seed dataset, compiled by hand. These rows were built from public operator, laboratory and vendor sources. A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1092 of 1153 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 40 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.

Measured performance

Rmax: 2.48 PFlop/s
Rpeak: 3.30 PFlop/s
Rmax ÷ Rpeak: 75.2%
Cores: 91,648
Power: -
Per watt: - GF/W

Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.

What this machine is made of

One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.

Role	Part	Supplier at build	Quantity	Confidence	Source
Integrator	- Dell	Dell Technologies DELLNYSE	-	Verified	sdsc.edu prnewswire.com
Accelerator	NVIDIA Tesla V100 Accelerators CUDA (Volta GV100) · 5,120C · 1.53 GHz · 12 nm · 300 W 52 GPU nodes with four NVIDIA V100 SXM2	NVIDIA NVDANASDAQ	208 reported	Reported	sdsc.edu
CPU	AMD EPYC 7742 (Rome) CPUs x86-64 · 64C · 2.25 GHz · 7 nm · 225 W AMD EPYC 7742 Rome, 728 standard nodes	AMD AMDNASDAQ	-	Reported	sdsc.edu top500.org
Interconnect	NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR Interconnect Fat tree or dragonfly+ · 200 Gb/s per port · About 0.6 microseconds HDR InfiniBand hybrid fat tree	NVIDIA NVDANASDAQ	-	Verified	sdsc.edu top500.org
Cooling	Direct liquid cooling, warm water Cooling Direct-to-chip cold plates, facility water loop · Removes 90+ percent of node heat to liquid direct liquid cooling on the compute nodes	Dell Technologies DELLNYSE	-	Reported	sdsc.edu

The read

SDSC's NSF-funded Dell system of 728 AMD EPYC 7742 nodes and 52 four-V100 nodes on HDR InfiniBand, in service from December 2020 and 153rd on the November 2020 TOP500, since slipped to 492nd. SDSC and Dell independently name Dell and the NSF record confirms the award, so those facts are verified. SDSC's guide says Rocky Linux where TOP500 says CentOS, so no OS edge is recorded. TOP500 is the only source for Rmax, Rpeak and core count, so the tier is reported.

Timeline

2020-11 List debut at #153 (November 2020) source
2020-12 First operational source

Public list appearances

Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.

#153: TOP500, November 2020 →

Site & facility

San Diego Supercomputer Center

Location: La Jolla, CA, USA
Commissioned: 2020

sdsc.edu

Where sources disagree

We record conflicts instead of picking a winner quietly. All open questions.

Operating system: Rocky Linux (SDSC guide) against CentOS (TOP500). TOP500 may be stale; no OS edge is recorded.

Change history

2026-09-20 Added, funding verified against the NSF award record

Source check

We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.

Cited source	Result	Found on the page
api.nsf.gov	names system and part	NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR, Direct liquid cooling, warm water
top500.org	names system and part	AMD EPYC 7742 (Rome), NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR

Checked 2026-10-09 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.