IQM Garnet

IQM Garnet is a superconducting circuits quantum computer operated by IQM Quantum Computers in Finland. It has 20 physical qubits. It ranks 35 of 43 superconducting machines in this table by physical qubit count. 15 sourced specs are in the spec sheet. 5 published benchmark or milestone records are listed below, each marked by who measured it.

Also known as Garnet 20-qubit QPU

IQM's 20-qubit QPU, described in an August 2024 whitepaper with a quantum volume of 32 and a 20-qubit GHZ state. It is listed as an available device on Amazon Braket. The whitepaper says IQM plans to scale the architecture to 150 qubits; that is not part of this entry.

Spec sheet

Technical details as the builder or a paper states them, each with its own source. A blank is a fact we could not source, not a zero. Fidelity and coherence figures are in the benchmark table below.

Spec	Value	Basis	Note	Source
Processor	IQM Crystal 20 QPU	Vendor reported	IQM calls Garnet its Crystal 20 QPU (20 computational qubits plus 30 tunable coupler transmons, 50 tunable transmons in total).	iqm.tech iqm.tech
Qubit type	transmon	Independent	AWS docs and a TU Dortmund/DLR paper both describe Garnet as transmon-based; the IQM whitepaper specifies flux-tunable transmons for both qubits and couplers.	docs.aws.amazon.com arxiv.org
Topology	square lattice with tunable couplers	Independent	Both describe a square (Crystal) lattice with tunable couplers; the IQM whitepaper says the lattice is rotated 45 degrees to the chip edge.	docs.aws.amazon.com arxiv.org
Max connectivity	4	Vendor reported	IQM describes the Crystal square lattice as having four nearest neighbors per qubit; family-wide statement, bulk qubits only.	iqm.tech
Couplers	30	Vendor reported	IQM states Crystal 20 has 30 tunable coupler qubits; the whitepaper counts 50 tunable transmons for 20 computational qubits.	iqm.tech arxiv.org
Native gates	PRX (arbitrary X and Y rotation) and CZ	Independent	AWS lists cz and prx as the verbatim-compilation native gates for IQM devices; the DLR paper states PRX and CZ for Garnet; the IQM whitepaper adds virtual Z.	docs.aws.amazon.com arxiv.org
Single-qubit gate time	40 ns	Vendor reported	IQM Radiance 20 datasheet typical PRX duration of 40 ns or less; family datasheet value, not a measurement on this unit.	iqm.tech
Two-qubit gate time	40 ns	Vendor reported	Whitepaper says the CZ gate has a typical duration of 20 ns to 40 ns (upper end recorded); the Radiance 20 datasheet guarantees typical 60 ns or less.	arxiv.org iqm.tech
Cooling and environment	dilution refrigerator (Bluefors XLD)	Vendor reported	The IQM whitepaper describes a Bluefors XLD dilution refrigerator as the cryogenic host for the 20-qubit system.	arxiv.org iqm.tech
Power draw	24 kW	Vendor reported	IQM Radiance 20 datasheet gives typical mean total electrical power of 24 kW for the on-premises system; Garnet itself is IQM-hosted.	iqm.tech
Fabrication	IQM's own fab in Espoo, Finland, flip-chip 3D-integrated stack	Vendor reported	IQM whitepaper (August 2024) says IQM QPUs are made in its dedicated Espoo facility using superconducting flip-chip integration.	arxiv.org
Software	Qiskit, Cirq, OpenQASM 2.0, EXA pulse-level Python library	Vendor reported	Client-tool layer of the IQM control stack as described in the whitepaper for the on-premises system.	arxiv.org
Cloud platforms	Amazon Braket (Europe Stockholm region); IQM Resonance	Vendor reported	AWS lists IQM Garnet (eu-north-1); IQM Resonance lists a Crystal 20 QPU, which IQM elsewhere identifies as the Garnet chip.	docs.aws.amazon.com iqm.tech
Access and pricing	Cloud queue on Amazon Braket: $0.30 per task + $0.00145 per shot, or $3,000 per hour reserved	Vendor reported	Prices from the AWS Braket pricing page checked 2026-10-09; the same device is also offered through IQM Resonance.	aws.amazon.com
Successor	IQM Emerald	Vendor reported	IQM describes Garnet as the predecessor of the 54-qubit Emerald on IQM Resonance (August 2025).	iqm.tech

Published benchmark figures

These are numbers the builder or a paper reports for this machine, not results from a common test. The basis column says who measured them. What the metrics mean and why they are not comparable across technologies.

Metric	Value	Measured	Basis	Note	Source
Circuit layer operations per second (CLOPS)	2,600	2024-08	Peer reviewed	Virtual CLOPS measured on Garnet by IQM, per the whitepaper	arxiv.org
Quantum volume	32	2024-08	Peer reviewed	Successful QV test at 5 qubits (2^5) in the IQM whitepaper	arxiv.org
Readout fidelity	97%	2024-08	Peer reviewed	Median simultaneous readout error 3e-2, converted to fidelity	arxiv.org
Single-qubit gate fidelity	99.91%	2024-08	Peer reviewed	Median single-qubit error 9e-4 from randomized benchmarking, converted to fidelity	arxiv.org
Two-qubit gate fidelity	99.5%	2024-08	Peer reviewed	Median CZ gate fidelity from interleaved randomized benchmarking, IQM whitepaper	arxiv.org

Timeline

2024-08: Announced
2026-10: Status checked: operational

Comparable superconducting machines

Closest in physical qubit count within the same technology. Counts of different qubit types are not interchangeable across technologies.

Machine	Operator	Qubits	Status
ORNL Pathfinder	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	20	operational
IQM Radiance 20 for TOYO at G-QuAT	TOYO Corporation	20	planned
Alice & Bob Helium	Alice & Bob	18	operational
VLQ	IT4Innovations	24	operational
Rigetti 24-Qubit Testbed at NQCC	National Quantum Computing Centre	24	operational
OQC GENESIS (New York)	Oxford Quantum Circuits	16	under construction