Supercomputers/Systems/Space HPC
Italy · operational · mixed
Space HPC
Also known as ESA Space HPC
Operated by European Space Agency at ESA ESRIN (Frascati) .
Phase 1 seed dataset, compiled by hand. These rows were built from public operator, laboratory and vendor sources. A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1092 of 1153 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 40 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.
Measured performance
- Rmax
- 4.47 PFlop/s
- Rpeak
- 5.42 PFlop/s
- Rmax ÷ Rpeak
- 82.5%
- Cores
- 16,368
- Power
- 105.97 kW
- Per watt
- 42.2 GF/W
Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.
What this machine is made of
One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.
| Role | Part | Supplier at build | Quantity | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integrator | - HPE Cray XD670/XD665 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise | - | Reported | top500.org |
| Accelerator | NVIDIA H100 SXM5 Accelerators CUDA (Hopper GH100) · 16,896C · 1.98 GHz · TSMC 4N · 700 W 108 NVIDIA H100 GPUs | NVIDIA | 108 reported | Verified | commercialisation.esa.inttop500.org |
| CPU | AMD EPYC 9004 (Genoa) CPUs x86-64 · 96C · 2.4 GHz · TSMC N5 · 360 W AMD EPYC 9454 48C 2.75GHz | AMD | - | Reported | top500.org |
| Interconnect | NVIDIA InfiniBand NDR (Quantum-2) Interconnect Fat tree or dragonfly+ · 400 Gb/s per port · Under 0.6 microseconds Infiniband NDR200 (2x400 Gbps per ESA) | NVIDIA | - | Reported | top500.orgcommercialisation.esa.int |
The read
ESA's supercomputer at the ESRIN centre in Frascati, Italy, offered to space-sector SMEs and start-ups. ESA's page lists 108 NVIDIA H100 GPUs, about 34,000 CPU cores of AMD and Intel processors, 3.6 PB of SSD storage, 156 TB of RAM, 2x400 Gbps InfiniBand, direct liquid cooling with PUE below 1.09 and heat recovery for campus heating; it quotes 5 petaflops. TOP500 lists it as an HPE Cray XD670/XD665 system (EPYC 9454 / Xeon 8480L hosts) with 16,368 cores, Rmax 4.47 PFlop/s, Rpeak 5.42 PFlop/s and 106 kW, 261st on the June 2025 list and 319th on June 2026.
Timeline
Public list appearances
Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.
Site & facility
Change history
- 2026-10-02 Added Space HPC, ESA's H100 cluster at ESRIN, 261st on the June 2025 TOP500
Source check
We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.
| Cited source | Result | Found on the page |
|---|---|---|
| commercialisation.esa.int | names system, part and count | NVIDIA H100 SXM5, NVIDIA InfiniBand NDR (Quantum-2) · counts: 108 |
| top500.org | names system and part | NVIDIA H100 SXM5, AMD EPYC 9004 (Genoa), NVIDIA InfiniBand NDR (Quantum-2) |
Checked 2026-10-09 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.
Further reading
Operating a supercomputer
Acceptance testing, why "installed" and "in production" are six months apart, and the machine lifecycle.
Inside a node
Why accelerators exist, what the memory hierarchy costs, and how the CPU and accelerator merged onto one package.
The interconnect
Topologies, why latency and tail behaviour matter more than bandwidth, and how the fabric market consolidated.