Supercomputers/Systems/Raphael
USA · operational · mixed
Raphael
Also known as Flatiron Institute Raphael
Operated by Flatiron Institute .
Phase 1 seed dataset, compiled by hand. These rows were built from public operator, laboratory and vendor sources. A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1092 of 1153 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 40 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.
Measured performance
- Rmax
- 4.09 PFlop/s
- Rpeak
- 5.00 PFlop/s
- Rmax ÷ Rpeak
- 81.8%
- Cores
- 14,976
- Power
- 89.71 kW
- Per watt
- 45.6 GF/W
Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.
What this machine is made of
One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.
| Role | Part | Supplier at build | Quantity | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integrator | - Lenovo ThinkSystem SD665-N V3 | Lenovo | - | Reported | top500.org |
| Accelerator | NVIDIA H100 SXM5 Accelerators CUDA (Hopper GH100) · 16,896C · 1.98 GHz · TSMC 4N · 700 W NVIDIA H100 80GB | NVIDIA | - | Reported | top500.org |
| CPU | - AMD EPYC 9454 48C 2.75GHz | AMD | - | Reported | top500.org |
| Interconnect | NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR Interconnect Fat tree or dragonfly+ · 200 Gb/s per port · About 0.6 microseconds Infiniband HDR | NVIDIA | - | Reported | top500.org |
The read
GPU cluster of the Flatiron Institute, the Simons Foundation's computational research division, listed by TOP500 as Raphael at the Flatiron Institute - Simons Foundation. A Lenovo ThinkSystem SD665-N V3 system with AMD EPYC 9454 48C 2.75GHz hosts and NVIDIA H100 80GB GPUs on InfiniBand HDR, installed 2024, it has 14,976 cores, Rmax 4.09 PFlop/s, Rpeak 5.00 PFlop/s and 89.71 kW (power measurement level 1). It debuted at rank 244 on the November 2024 list and was 345th in June 2026. TOP500 is the only source fetched, so the tier is reported; the Institute's public computing pages found do not name Raphael, and no city or in-service date is published.
Timeline
- 2024-11 List debut at #244 (November 2024) source
Public list appearances
Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.
Change history
- 2026-10-07 Added Raphael (flatiron-institute)
Source check
We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.
| Cited source | Result | Found on the page |
|---|---|---|
| top500.org | names system and part | NVIDIA H100 SXM5, NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR |
Checked 2026-10-09 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.
Further reading
Operating a supercomputer
Acceptance testing, why "installed" and "in production" are six months apart, and the machine lifecycle.
Inside a node
Latency-optimised versus throughput-optimised processors, NUMA, and the end of the host-to-device copy.
The interconnect
Topologies, why latency and tail behaviour matter more than bandwidth, and how the fabric market consolidated.