Fraunhofer IBM Quantum System One

Fraunhofer IBM Quantum System One is a superconducting circuits quantum computer operated by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany. It has 27 physical qubits. It ranks 32 of 43 superconducting machines in this table by physical qubit count. 6 sourced specs are in the spec sheet. 3 published benchmark or milestone records are listed below, each marked by who measured it.

Also known as Fraunhofer Ehningen IBM Q System One

IBM Q System One in Ehningen, used exclusively by Fraunhofer and its partners under German law, in operation since January 2021 according to Fraunhofer's February 2021 page. That page gives 27 qubits, quantum volume 32 and approximate single- and two-qubit errors of 0.05% and 1%. IBM's 2024 press release describes a separate IBM-run Ehningen quantum data center with Eagle and Heron systems. Fraunhofer's machine may have changed since 2021, and its current status is not confirmed.

Spec sheet

Technical details as the builder or a paper states them, each with its own source. A blank is a fact we could not source, not a zero. Fidelity and coherence figures are in the benchmark table below.

Spec	Value	Basis	Note	Source
Processor	27-qubit Falcon	Vendor reported	IBM's 2021 blog names the 27-qubit Falcon and Fraunhofer's February 2021 page gives 27 superconducting qubits without naming it; the current processor is unconfirmed.	ibm.com iuk.fraunhofer.de
Qubit type	superconducting transmon qubits	Vendor reported	Fraunhofer says 27 superconducting qubits and a 2024 survey says IBM processors are transmon-based; family-level.	iuk.fraunhofer.de arxiv.org
Topology	heavy-hex lattice (Falcon family)	Independent	A 2024 survey describes the Falcon family as using a heavy-hexagonal connectivity graph for cross-resonance gates; family-level.	arxiv.org
Two-qubit gate time	500 ns	Vendor reported	Fraunhofer lists an approximate two-qubit operation time of 500 ns for CNOT in February 2021.	iuk.fraunhofer.de
Cooling and environment	cryogenic cooling inside the IBM Quantum System One enclosure, colder than outer space	Vendor reported	IBM's 2021 blog says the Falcon is kept at a temperature colder than outer space and another IBM blog says its processors sit in a dilution refrigerator at 15 to 20 millikelvin.	ibm.com ibm.com
Access and pricing	on-premises in Ehningen; exclusive use by Fraunhofer and partners with a member contract, under German law	Vendor reported	Fraunhofer says the system is used exclusively by Fraunhofer and partners and IBM says it provides full European data locality; no price is published.	iuk.fraunhofer.de ibm.com

Published benchmark figures

These are numbers the builder or a paper reports for this machine, not results from a common test. The basis column says who measured them. What the metrics mean and why they are not comparable across technologies.

Metric	Value	Measured	Basis	Note	Source
Quantum volume	32	2021-02-18	Vendor reported	Quantum volume stated by Fraunhofer for its 27-qubit IBM Q System One in Ehningen	iuk.fraunhofer.de
Single-qubit gate fidelity	99.95%	2021-02-18	Vendor reported	From approximate single-qubit gate error of 0.05% stated by Fraunhofer	iuk.fraunhofer.de
Two-qubit gate fidelity	99%	2021-02-18	Vendor reported	From approximate two-qubit gate error of 1% stated by Fraunhofer	iuk.fraunhofer.de

Timeline

2021-01: First operational

Comparable superconducting machines

Closest in physical qubit count within the same technology. Counts of different qubit types are not interchangeable across technologies.

Machine	Operator	Qubits	Status
VLQ	IT4Innovations	24	operational
Rigetti 24-Qubit Testbed at NQCC	National Quantum Computing Centre	24	operational
OQC Toshiko	Oxford Quantum Circuits	32	operational
Rigetti Cepheus-1-36Q	Rigetti Computing	36	operational
ORNL Pathfinder	Oak Ridge National Laboratory	20	operational
IQM Garnet	IQM Quantum Computers	20	operational