Zuchongzhi 3.0

Zuchongzhi 3.0 is a superconducting circuits quantum computer operated by USTC in China. It has 105 physical qubits. It ranks 20 of 43 superconducting machines in this table by physical qubit count. 14 sourced specs are in the spec sheet. 4 published benchmark or milestone records are listed below, each marked by who measured it.

Also known as USTC 105-qubit processor

USTC's 105-qubit processor, posted to arXiv in December 2024, with reported gate fidelities of 99.90 percent single-qubit, 99.62 percent two-qubit and 99.18 percent readout. The team ran random circuit sampling on 83 qubits for 32 cycles and estimated 6.4 billion years on the Frontier supercomputer; that classical cost is an estimate. It is a research device and not offered for general access.

Spec sheet

Technical details as the builder or a paper states them, each with its own source. A blank is a fact we could not source, not a zero. Fidelity and coherence figures are in the benchmark table below.

Spec	Value	Basis	Note	Source
Processor	Zuchongzhi 3.0: 105-qubit chip, two flip-chip bonded sapphire dies	Peer reviewed	One die carries 105 qubits and 182 couplers; the other carries control lines and readout resonators.	arxiv.org chinadailyhk.com
Qubit type	Transmon qubits with tunable couplers (anharmonicity about -230 MHz)	Peer reviewed	Two qubits (Q022 and Q037) have non-tunable frequencies.	arxiv.org
Topology	15 rows by 7 columns rectangular lattice with tunable couplers	Peer reviewed	The paper describes a two-dimensional rectangular lattice of 105 qubits.	arxiv.org
Couplers	182	Peer reviewed	Stated in the arXiv paper and repeated in Xinhua coverage of the March 2025 PRL publication.	arxiv.org chinadailyhk.com
Native gates	XY single-qubit gates and an iSWAP-like two-qubit gate	Peer reviewed	Each qubit has an XY control line; couplers are used to tune the iSWAP-like gate.	arxiv.org
Single-qubit gate time	28 ns	Peer reviewed	Duration of the single-qubit gate in the 83-qubit random circuit sampling experiment.	arxiv.org
Two-qubit gate time	45 ns	Peer reviewed	Duration of the iSWAP-like gate used in the 83-qubit random circuit sampling experiment.	arxiv.org
Cooling and environment	Dilution refrigerator with modular high-density cryogenic wiring and TWPA readout amplifiers	Peer reviewed	Supplementary material describes 2 x 12 semi-rigid cables above the mixing chamber plate; no temperature is given.	arxiv.org
Fabrication	USTC: tantalum wiring on top sapphire die, aluminium on bottom die, indium-bump flip-chip bonding	Peer reviewed	Fabrication follows the Zuchongzhi 2.0 process with tantalum base wiring as the key change; fab site is not named.	arxiv.org
Cloud platforms	Tianyan Quantum Cloud Platform (via Tianyan-287, a Zuchongzhi 3.0-like system)	Independent	China Telecom Quantum Group and QuantumCTek deployed a separate unit based on this design; the USTC machine itself is a research device.	thequantuminsider.com arxiv.org
Access and pricing	Research device at USTC; a Zuchongzhi 3.0-based unit is sold as pay-per-use cloud time on Tianyan	Independent	Commercial opening reported October 2025; the Tianyan paper names the cloud unit Tianyan-287 with a Zuchongzhi 3.0-like processor.	thequantuminsider.com arxiv.org
Predecessor	Zuchongzhi 2.1	Vendor reported	Xinhua names Zuchongzhi 2.1 (66 qubits) as the predecessor; the arXiv text says Zuchongzhi 2.0.	chinadailyhk.com
Successor	Zuchongzhi 3.2	Peer reviewed	The Zuchongzhi 3.2 paper calls its processor part of the same processor family and cites the Zuchongzhi 3.0 paper; USTC does not call it a successor.	arxiv.org
Roadmap	Surface code at distance 7 first, then distance 9 and 11, toward large-scale qubit integration	Vendor reported	Stated by Zhu Xiaobo in March 2025; distance 7 was reported on Zuchongzhi 3.2 in December 2025.	chinadailyhk.com

Published benchmark figures

These are numbers the builder or a paper reports for this machine, not results from a common test. The basis column says who measured them. What the metrics mean and why they are not comparable across technologies.

Metric	Value	Measured	Basis	Note	Source
Readout fidelity	99.18%	2024-12	Peer reviewed	Readout fidelity stated in the arXiv abstract by the USTC team	arxiv.org
Single-qubit gate fidelity	99.9%	2024-12	Peer reviewed	Single-qubit gate fidelity stated in the arXiv abstract by the USTC team	arxiv.org
Two-qubit gate fidelity	99.62%	2024-12	Peer reviewed	Two-qubit gate fidelity stated in the arXiv abstract by the USTC team	arxiv.org

Milestone claims

USTC random circuit sampling claim: 83 qubits, 32 cycles, 1 million samples in a few hundred seconds vs estimated 6.4e9 years on Frontier (2024-12, peer reviewed) arxiv.org

Timeline

2024-12: Announced

Comparable superconducting machines

Closest in physical qubit count within the same technology. Counts of different qubit types are not interchangeable across technologies.

Machine	Operator	Qubits	Status
Google Willow	Alphabet	105	operational
Zuchongzhi 3.2	USTC	107	operational
Rigetti Cepheus-1-108Q	Rigetti Computing	108	operational
IBM Nighthawk	IBM	120	operational
IBM Eagle	IBM	127	decommissioned
University of Tokyo IBM Quantum System One	University of Tokyo	127	operational